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F+ RNA coliphage typing for microbial source tracking in surface waters.

J Stewart-Pullaro1, J W Daugomah, D E Chestnut

  • 1NOAA, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA. jill.pullaro@noaa.gov

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|October 17, 2006
PubMed
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Coliphage analysis effectively detects fecal pollution in surface waters and aids in identifying human or animal sources. This method offers valuable insights for water quality assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water quality assessment
  • Microbial source tracking

Background:

  • Surface waters in South Carolina exceeded state fecal coliform standards.
  • Evaluating the utility of coliphages for detecting and tracking fecal pollution is crucial for public health and environmental safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of coliphages in detecting fecal contamination in surface waters.
  • To determine if coliphage typing can help distinguish between human and animal sources of fecal pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Coliphages were isolated using single agar layer (SAL) and enrichment presence/absence (EP/A) methods from 117 surface water samples.
  • F+ RNA coliphages were typed using a library-independent approach for microbial source tracking.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Somatic coliphage concentrations were compared at different incubation temperatures (37°C and 44.5°C).

    • Main Results:

    • The EP/A technique detected coliphages in more samples than the SAL method, though with less diversity.
    • Higher incubation temperatures (44.5°C) for somatic coliphages showed potential for increased specificity to fecal contamination.
    • F+ RNA coliphages, particularly group II and/or III, were identified at sites downstream of wastewater discharges, indicating human-source pollution.

    Conclusions:

    • Coliphage analysis is a viable tool for detecting fecal contamination in surface waters.
    • Coliphage typing provides valuable, though not absolute, information for distinguishing human from animal fecal pollution sources.
    • This study offers practical guidance for incorporating coliphage detection into water quality monitoring programs.