Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Laterality and Sidedness in Orofacial Clefts: Definitions and a Framework for Future Research.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2026

Same author

Cleft Care India Study: A National Audit on Patients with Non-Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients. Part 1: Background, Skeletal, Dental Arch, and Nasolabial Outcomes.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2026

Same author

Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Canine Mast Cell Tumour.

Veterinary and comparative oncology·2025

Same author

Comparison of secondary surgery before and after centralisation of cleft services in the UK: a whole-island cross-sectional analysis.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

Dental Arch Relationship Outcomes of 5-Year-Olds Born With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Following the Centralization of Cleft Services.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2025

Same author

Predicting Syndromic Status Based on Longitudinal Data from Parental Reports of the Presence of Additional Structural and Functional Anomalies in Children Born with an Orofacial Cleft.

Journal of clinical medicine·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Published on: May 23, 2020

Orthognathic treatment: how much does it cost?

Sanjay Kumar¹, Alison C Williams, Jonathan R Sandy

¹The Crescent Specialist Centre, Plymouth, Devon, UK.

European Journal of Orthodontics

|October 17, 2006

Summary

The combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities costs a median of €6075.25. Orthodontic care represents excellent value within the UK's National Health Service.

Area of Science:

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthodontics
Health Economics

Background:

Dentofacial deformities require complex, combined orthodontic and surgical interventions.
Understanding treatment costs is crucial for healthcare resource allocation.
Previous cost analyses for such combined treatments are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the overall cost of combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities.
To identify factors influencing these treatment costs.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic treatment within this pathway for the UK National Health Service.

Main Methods:

Multi-centre retrospective study design.
Inclusion of 352 patients (109 males, 243 females) aged 14-57 years from South West England.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Published on: May 23, 2020

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Cost calculation incorporating consumables, staff overheads, and capital costs.

Main Results:

Median total treatment cost was €6075.25 (IQR: €5139.41-€7069.68).
Out-patient costs accounted for 43% of the total.
Median orthodontic treatment cost was €1456.23 (IQR: €1283.73-€1638.75), representing 25% of the total cost.

Conclusions:

Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities incurs significant but quantifiable costs.
Orthodontic management constitutes a substantial but relatively cost-effective component of overall treatment.
The findings suggest that orthodontic care for orthognathic patients in a hospital setting offers excellent value for the UK's National Health Service.