N-carboxymethylchitosan-N,O-sulfate as an anti-HIV-1 agent

N-carboxymethylchitosan-N-O-sulfate (NCMCS), a sulfated polysaccharide derivative of chitin, inhibited the propagation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human CD4+ cells and that of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) in murine fibroblasts. A dose-dependent inhibition of both viruses was observed without significant cytotoxicity. NCMCS blocked the binding of HIV-1 to human CD4+ target cells and competitively inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Thus, NCMCS may prevent HIV-1 infection by inhibiting viral adsorption to the CD4 receptor and reverse transcription of the viral genome.