Antimicrobial allergy from polyvinyl chloride gloves.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Allergology
• Occupational Health

Background:

• Contact allergy to plastic gloves is uncommon.
• Benzisothiazolinone, a biocide, is used in industrial applications.
• This study investigates potential delayed-type contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and report cases of contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone in PVC gloves.
• To raise awareness about a potential allergen in disposable gloves.
• To recommend diagnostic and preventative measures for affected patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of medical records (1991-2005) for patients with hand dermatitis and PVC glove use.
• Patch testing to assess allergic reactions to glove materials and benzisothiazolinone.
• Chemical analysis of PVC gloves to quantify benzisothiazolinone content.

Main Results:

• Eight patients with benzisothiazolinone allergy experienced hand dermatitis exacerbations linked to PVC gloves.
• Three patients showed allergic or doubtful reactions to glove materials during patch testing.
• Specific PVC glove brands contained 9-32 ppm of benzisothiazolinone; affected patients often worked in healthcare or farming.

Conclusions:

• This is the first report of contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone in plastic gloves.
• Benzisothiazolinone in disposable PVC gloves can sensitize individuals with pre-existing hand dermatitis.
• Patch testing for benzisothiazolinone is recommended for patients experiencing hand dermatitis while using PVC gloves.