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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Anchorage of Twisted Testis: A Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Testis
Published on: November 14, 2025
Testicular torsion: a review
S Pentyala1, J Lee, P Yalamanchili
1Departments of Urology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8093, USA.
Abstract:
Torsion of the testis, also referred to as torsion of the spermatic cord, is a subject of debate among physicians and surgeons. Testicular torsion is an acute vascular event causing the rotation of the vascular pedicle of the testis, thereby impeding the blood flow to the testis and the scrotal contents. It could be either within or outside the tunica vaginalis. Testicular torsion causes immediate circulatory changes and long-term sequelae such as testicular function and fertility. It is considered a surgical emergency, as a delay causes irreversible testicular damage. The diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion are discussed in this review, which also illustrates an algorithm and a scoring system for the diagnosis and management of this condition based on current literature.
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