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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine
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Published on: October 20, 2023

Dynamic morphologic changes in the normal aortic annulus during systole and diastole.

Toshinobu Kazui1, Hiroshi Izumoto, Kunihiro Yoshioka

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Memorial Heart Center, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan. t-kazui@pf6.so-net.ne.jp

The Journal of Heart Valve Disease
|October 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The aortic annulus length does not change significantly during the cardiac cycle in healthy individuals. However, aortic root dimensions cause the commissures to move outwards during systole.

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Published on: December 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The three-dimensional motion of the semilunar attachment of the aortic valve leaflet annulus is not well understood.
  • The aortic root is known to be distensible and exhibits movement throughout the cardiac cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the motion of the aortic root and annulus using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).
  • To perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of the aortic annulus to better understand its dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five patients without aortic root or valve disease underwent MDCT.
  • Measurements of the aortic annulus, sinus of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction were taken in systole and diastole.
  • The aortic annulus was analyzed in three parts: right coronary cusp (RCC), left coronary cusp (LCC), and non-coronary cusp (NCC).

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found in the lengths of the aortic annulus parts between systole and diastole.
  • Longitudinal measurements showed no significant change in aortic annulus or sinus of Valsalva length between systole and diastole.
  • The sinotubular junction (STJ) length was significantly greater in systole than in diastole.

Conclusions:

  • In a normal aortic root, the aortic annulus does not change length during the cardiac cycle.
  • Changes in aortic root dimensions result in the outward movement of the commissures during systole.