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Published on: November 17, 2018
Regulation of cholesterol absorption by phytosterols
Richard E Ostlund1, Xiaobo Lin
1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Box 8127, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ROstlund@im.wustl.edu
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|October 19, 2006
Summary
Phytosterols, plant-derived cholesterol analogs, effectively lower cholesterol by reducing absorption. Proper formulation is key for supplements to maximize these cholesterol-lowering benefits.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Biochemistry
- Dietary Supplements
Background:
- Phytosterols are plant-based cholesterol compounds found in vegetable oils and whole grains.
- They inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestine.
- While generally safe, phytosterol bioavailability varies, especially in supplements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of phytosterols in cholesterol regulation.
- To highlight the importance of bioavailability in phytosterol supplements.
- To assess phytosterols as a tool for managing circulating cholesterol levels.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical studies on phytosterols.
- Analysis of phytosterol absorption and mechanism of action.
- Evaluation of factors affecting phytosterol bioavailability.
Main Results:
- Phytosterols significantly reduce cholesterol absorption.
- Naturally occurring phytosterols are bioactive; purified supplements require enhanced formulation.
- Phytosterol consumption is safe with minimal net absorption.
Conclusions:
- Phytosterols are a vital dietary component for cholesterol management.
- Optimizing phytosterol supplement bioavailability is crucial for efficacy.
- Phytosterols offer a complementary strategy to reducing saturated fat for cholesterol regulation.
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