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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds
Published on: February 23, 2024
Local and systemic interactions related to serum transforming growth factor-beta levels in burn wounds of various
A Ebru Sakallioğlu1, Ozgür Başaran, B Handan Ozdemir
1Başkent University, Burn and Fire Disaster Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the interaction between serum levels of TGF-beta and active-immune cell infiltration in burn wounds of various depths.
Materials And Methods:
Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: full-thickness burns (F), partial-thickness burns (P), and no burns (S). After burn-induction, blood samples were obtained only once from shams and at postburn 1, 48 h, and 7 days in burn groups. Serum levels of TGF-beta were measured by means of the ELISA. The proportions of neutrophils, fibroblasts, vascular proliferation, CD68-macrophages, and CD3-lymphocytes were studied immunohistochemically and graded semiquantitatively.
Results:
Serum TGF-beta levels in the F and P groups were lower than those in sham at 1h after burn (p<.05). No significant differences in TGF-beta were observed between groups F and P on days 2 and 7 after injury. No local accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts was noted in either burn group, but the proportion of lymphocytes was higher in the P group at 1h after burn. Neutrophils were higher in the F group than the P on day 7 after burn.
Conclusions:
Prolonged neutrophil infiltration in full-thickness burn wounds and suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in partial-thickness burn wounds seem to be related to an increase in serum TGF-beta levels.
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