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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both extant and...
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The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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Three-Domain System of Life01:21

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community
11:28

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community

Published on: May 28, 2007

Endosymbiosis, cell evolution, and speciation.

U Kutschera1, K J Niklas

  • 1Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34109 Kassel, Germany. kut@uni-kassel.de

Theory in Biosciences = Theorie in Den Biowissenschaften
|October 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The serial endosymbiosis theory explains the origin of eukaryotic organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria from endosymbiotic bacteria. This theory also explores the evolution of the nucleus and species generation through symbiogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The endosymbiotic theory, first proposed by Mereschkowsky in 1905 for plastids and later by Wallin in 1927 for mitochondria, posits that eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic prokaryotes.
  • This historical perspective lays the groundwork for understanding the modern
  • serial endosymbiosis theory
  • which unifies these concepts.

Observation:

  • The study reviews the historical development of endosymbiotic concepts, tracing their evolution into the comprehensive
  • serial endosymbiosis theory
  • explaining the origin of mitochondria and plastids.

Findings:

  • The
  • serial endosymbiosis theory
  • provides a framework for understanding the origin of eukaryotic cell organelles and subsequent endosymbiotic events.
  • Recent hypotheses regarding the origin of the nucleus are also discussed.
  • Model systems for studying endosymbiosis are presented.

Implications:

  • Symbiogenesis, particularly secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis in algae, may play a role in macroevolution and the generation of new species.
  • Understanding endosymbiotic events is crucial for comprehending eukaryotic cell evolution and biodiversity.