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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

Parietal cortex activation predicts memory decline in apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 carriers.

Johanna Lind1, Martin Ingvar, Jonas Persson

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, MR Research Center, Karolinska Hospital, and Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. Johanna.lind@ki.se

Neuroreport
|October 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 carriers at risk for Alzheimer's disease showed parietal cortex changes that predicted future memory decline. This finding suggests parietal function may indicate Alzheimer's progression in at-risk individuals.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 (APOE4) is the primary genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Functional abnormalities in the parietal cortex are observed in AD patients and individuals at genetic risk.
  • The predictive value of parietal cortex integrity for AD progression in at-risk individuals remains critical to ascertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if parietal cortex integrity, measured via functional MRI, can predict cognitive decline.
  • To assess the relationship between parietal cortex function and episodic memory performance in at-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Studied nondemented individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele.
  • Utilized blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a word categorization task.
  • Correlated fMRI response in the parietal cortex with subsequent episodic memory performance.

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was found between parietal BOLD fMRI response and subsequent episodic memory performance.
  • Parietal cortex alterations were associated with memory decline in APOE4 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Parietal cortex functional alterations predict memory decline in nondemented APOE4 carriers.
  • These findings suggest parietal cortex integrity is a potential biomarker for predicting Alzheimer's disease progression.