Composite hemiface/calvaria transplantation model in rats

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Regenerative Medicine
• Transplantation Biology

Background:

• Craniomaxillofacial deformities with extensive bone and soft-tissue defects pose significant challenges in reconstructive surgery.
• Current reconstructive options are limited for large-scale defects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To adapt and extend the rat face/scalp transplantation model.
• To incorporate a vascularized calvarial bone graft on the same vascular pedicle.
• To establish a new treatment option for extensive craniomaxillofacial deformities with large bone defects.

Main Methods:

• Seven composite hemiface/calvaria transplantations were performed between Lewis-Brown Norway and Lewis rats.
• Grafts were dissected on a common vascular pedicle (carotid artery and jugular vein).
• Rats received cyclosporine A monotherapy; evaluation included angiography, CT scans, and bone histology.

Main Results:

• Angiography confirmed vascular supply to the bone graft.
• Average flap survival was 154 days, with no rejection or flap loss observed up to 220 days.
• Histology and CT scans demonstrated viable bone without resorption at multiple time points post-transplantation.

Conclusions:

• The developed osteomusculocutaneous hemiface/calvaria flap model offers a novel reconstructive option.
• This technique addresses extensive face deformities involving significant bone and soft-tissue loss.
• It provides a single-stage surgical solution for complex craniomaxillofacial reconstruction.