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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Sources of functional apparent diffusion coefficient changes investigated by diffusion-weighted spin-echo fMRI.

Tao Jin¹, Fuqiang Zhao, Seong-Gi Kim

¹Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, USA. taj6@pitt.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|October 20, 2006

Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes during brain activation are clarified. Arterial blood volume changes improve spatial localization in fMRI studies.

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Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

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Published on: April 7, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Biophysics
Physiology

Background:

The underlying mechanisms of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes during brain activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remain unclear.
Understanding these changes is crucial for interpreting fMRI data and improving spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the signal source and spatial specificity of fMRI-induced ADC changes in the feline visual cortex.
To differentiate contributions from tissue, arterial blood volume, and venous blood oxygenation to ADC variations.

Main Methods:

Diffusion-weighted (DW) spin-echo (SE) fMRI was employed in cats at 9.4 T.
Variable b-values (2, 200, 800 s/mm²) and echo times (TE: 16, 28, 60 ms) were utilized.
Data were analyzed and compared with three-compartment model simulations.

Main Results:

No significant ADC changes were observed in brain parenchyma for b-values ≥ 200 s/mm², indicating minimal tissue contribution.
Time-echo (TE)-dependent ADC increases were detected for b-values ≤ 200 s/mm².
Functional arterial blood volume elevation was identified as a key contributor to ADC changes in the middle cortical layer, enhancing spatial localization.

Conclusions:

Arterial blood volume changes significantly contribute to ADC variations during brain activation, offering improved spatial specificity compared to standard SE-BOLD fMRI.
The study elucidates the complex origins of ADC signals in fMRI, paving the way for more precise neuroimaging.
TE-dependent ADC changes are consistent with biophysical models, validating the findings.