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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

Factors affecting the formation of eutectic solid dispersions and their dissolution behavior.

Sudha R Vippagunta¹, Zeren Wang, Stefanie Hornung

¹Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA. sudha.vippagunta@novartis.com

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

|October 20, 2006

Summary

Understanding eutectic solid dispersions requires analyzing drug properties and carrier interactions. Key factors influencing formation and dissolution include melting point, heat of fusion, lipophilicity, and specific drug-polymer interactions.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Poorly water-soluble drugs often exhibit low bioavailability.
Solid dispersions, particularly eutectic systems, can enhance drug dissolution.
Predicting solid dispersion formation and performance requires understanding drug-carrier interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate factors governing eutectic/monotectic solid dispersion formation.
To investigate the influence of drug physicochemical properties and carrier characteristics on solid dispersion behavior.
To evaluate the impact of these factors on the dissolution of drug-carrier systems.

Main Methods:

Application of a theoretical model to predict solid dispersion formation for five poorly water-soluble drugs and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Experimental phase diagram construction and dissolution testing for selected drug-PEG systems.
Evaluation of drug properties (melting point, heat of fusion, lipophilicity, molar volume) and PEG molecular weight.

Main Results:

Theoretical model successfully predicted eutectic/monotectic formation for most drugs, except flurbiprofen, when specific interactions were ignored.
Melting point, heat of fusion, and lipophilicity significantly influenced eutectic system formation.
Specific drug-carrier interactions and polymer molecular weight impacted eutectic composition and dissolution behavior, particularly for flurbiprofen-PEG systems.

Conclusions:

Drug crystal energy (heat of fusion) and lipophilicity are critical for eutectic system formation.
Specific intermolecular interactions between drug and carrier play a significant role in determining eutectic composition and dissolution.
Rational selection of water-soluble carriers for eutectic solid dispersions can be guided by understanding these influencing factors.