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Cancer02:18

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Suicide and cancer: a gender-comparative study.

W S Kendal1

  • 1Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Regional Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. wkendal@ottawahospital.on.ca

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|October 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cancer patients have higher suicide rates, with males exhibiting significantly increased risk. High-risk individuals are often males with advanced head and neck cancers or myeloma, lacking social support and treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cancer patients experience higher suicide rates than the general population.
  • Males generally exhibit higher suicide rates than females.
  • This study investigates gender-specific suicide risk factors in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare suicide risk between genders in a large cancer patient cohort.
  • To identify specific demographic, tumor-related, and social factors associated with suicide in cancer patients.
  • To elucidate gender-specific patterns in suicide risk among individuals with cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1.3 million cancer cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.
  • Utilized Cox proportional hazards models to assess risk factors.
  • Examined personal, tumor-related, and social variables influencing suicide risk.

Main Results:

  • Overall male suicide hazard ratio was 6.2, with 0.19% of males and 0.04% of females committing suicide.
  • Females with colorectal and cervical cancers showed decreased suicide rates.
  • Males with head and neck cancers and myeloma had increased suicide rates, while those with lung, liver, brain, and leukemia cancers had decreased rates.
  • Distant metastasis increased suicide risk (HR=2.84), while marriage (HR=0.46) and African-American ancestry (HR=0.24) decreased it for males.
  • For head and neck cancers, contraindication for surgery increased suicide hazard (HR=3.0).

Conclusions:

  • High-risk patients are typically males with head and neck cancer or myeloma, advanced disease, limited social support, and few treatment options.
  • Oncologists and healthcare professionals must recognize suicide potential in cancer patients.
  • Awareness of associated risk factors is crucial for preventative interventions.