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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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False-positive axillary lymph node on FDG-PET/CT scan resulting from immunization.

Gethin Williams1, Robin M Joyce, J Anthony Parker

  • 1Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215-5400, USA.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine
|October 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Recent immunization can cause temporary FDG uptake in lymph nodes, mimicking lymphoma recurrence on PET scans. Prompting patients for vaccination history is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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Published on: February 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • FDG-PET/CT scans are vital for staging and monitoring treatment response in DLBCL.
  • Accurate interpretation of FDG uptake is critical to guide patient management.

Observation:

  • A patient with a history of DLBCL showed unexpected FDG uptake in a non-enlarged axillary lymph node post-stem cell transplant.
  • The patient recently received an immunization.
  • Subsequent imaging revealed no persistent FDG uptake in the lymph node.

Findings:

  • Post-vaccination lymph node inflammation can lead to transient, increased FDG uptake.
  • This imaging finding can mimic lymphoma recurrence, posing a diagnostic challenge.
  • The patient's lymph node FDG uptake resolved, indicating it was not disease-related.

Implications:

  • Integrating patient immunization history into the interpretation of FDG-PET/CT scans is essential.
  • Failure to consider recent vaccinations may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures and treatments.
  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive clinical correlation in oncologic imaging.