Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Liver transplantation in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and SIRT.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026

Same author

Validation of the inter‑individual variability of the angulus acromialis (acromial opening angle) and its clinical relevance.

Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA·2025

Same author

Real-life effectiveness and safety of baricitinib in adults with alopecia areata: A multicentre study.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2025

Same author

Pathways to epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex-associated epilepsy.

Revue neurologique·2024

Same author

Evaluation of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) obtained from a vendor-neutral MRI sequence and MRQuantif software.

European radiology·2023

Same author

Factors associated with early relapse of infantile haemangioma in children treated for at least six months with oral propranolol: A case-control study using the 2014-2021 French Ouest DataHub.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

[Disulone and hepatosiderosis].

L Darrieux¹, H Adamski, B Turlin

¹Service de Dermatologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Cedex, France.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie

|October 21, 2006

Summary

Long-term Disulone use, a dapsone and iron oxalate combination, may lead to hepatosiderosis. This condition involves iron overload and hemolysis, prompting consideration for serum ferritin monitoring during treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Hepatology
Pharmacology

Background:

Disulone (dapsone + iron oxalate) is a sulfone medication prescribed for various skin conditions.
Hepatosiderosis, a condition of iron overload in the liver, is a rare but serious potential complication.

Observation:

Two male patients developed hepatosiderosis after prolonged Disulone treatment (17 and 25 years).
Both patients exhibited elevated serum ferritin, free iron, and hemolysis, confirmed by liver biopsy.
Genetic hemochromatosis was excluded in both cases due to the absence of HFE gene mutations.

Findings:

Long-term Disulone administration was associated with secondary hepatosiderosis in these cases.
The combination of dapsone and iron oxalate in Disulone may contribute to iron overload.
Murine models suggest a link between dapsone and hepatic iron overload via hemolysis.

Implications:

These findings highlight a rare but significant risk of hepatosiderosis with extended Disulone use.
Regular monitoring of serum ferritin levels may be warranted for patients on long-term Disulone therapy.
Further research is needed to establish a definitive causal link and optimal monitoring strategies in humans.