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Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia.

G Lodi1, A Sardella, C Bez

  • 1Università di Milano, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Via Beldiletto 1/3, Milano, Italy. giovanni.lodi@unimi.it

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Current treatments for oral leukoplakia do not prevent cancer development. While some therapies may resolve lesions, they often lead to relapses and side effects, with no proven benefit against malignant transformation.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Evidence-Based Dentistry

Background:

  • Oral leukoplakia is a common oral lesion with a significant potential for malignant transformation into oral cancer.
  • Most oral leukoplakia cases are asymptomatic, underscoring the need for effective treatments to prevent cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of various treatments for oral leukoplakia.
  • To assess the impact of treatments on preventing the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted, searching multiple databases (Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE) up to December 2005.
  • Included RCTs assessed surgical and medical (topical/systemic) interventions for oral leukoplakia, with malignant transformation as the primary outcome.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Data were analyzed using risk ratios, with meta-analysis performed where possible; study validity was assessed based on allocation concealment, blinding, and participant loss.

    • Main Results:

    • No surgical interventions for oral leukoplakia have been evaluated in RCTs with a placebo/no-treatment arm.
    • Nine RCTs involving 501 patients evaluated non-surgical interventions; none demonstrated a significant benefit in preventing malignant transformation compared to placebo.
    • Treatments like beta carotene, lycopene, vitamin A, and retinoids showed significant clinical resolution rates but were associated with frequent relapses and adverse effects.

    Conclusions:

    • There is currently no definitive evidence that any treatment effectively prevents the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
    • While some treatments may lead to lesion resolution, high rates of relapse and common adverse effects necessitate careful consideration.
    • Further high-quality research is needed to identify treatments that can prevent oral leukoplakia progression to cancer.