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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...

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Menses Phase

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The Menstrual Cycle

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

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Progesterone for Premenstrual Syndrome.

O Ford¹, A Lethaby, B Mol

¹Sunnybank, Over stratton, South Petherton, Somerset, UK. olive.ford@care4free.net

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|October 21, 2006

Summary

Progesterone treatment for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) showed some benefits over placebo in certain analyses, but overall effectiveness remains uncertain. Further research is needed to identify specific patient groups who may benefit from this hormonal therapy.

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Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

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Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

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Published on: December 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Gynecology
Pharmacology
Clinical Trials

Background:

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects approximately 5% of menstruating women, characterized by severe symptoms preceding menstruation.
Progesterone therapy is explored as a potential treatment to address hormonal imbalances associated with PMS.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone in treating Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms.
To document any adverse events associated with progesterone treatment for PMS.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of progesterone for PMS.
Searches conducted across major databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO) up to April 2006.
Inclusion criteria required prospective PMS diagnosis and absence of psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

Two trials with 280 participants were included; only 115 yielded analysable results.
Progesterone showed a statistically significant benefit over placebo in per-protocol analysis, but not in intention-to-treat analysis (except for the first cycle).
One study found no significant difference between oral/vaginal progesterone and placebo; adverse events were generally mild.

Conclusions:

The effectiveness of progesterone for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) could not be definitively established.
No specific subgroup of women who benefited from progesterone treatment was identified.
Further investigation is required to clarify the role of progesterone in PMS management.