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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Interventions for treating chronic ankle instability.

J S de Vries1, R Krips, I N Sierevelt

  • 1Orthotrauma Research Center Amsterdam (ORCA) Academic Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands. j.s.devries@amc.uva.nl

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review found low-quality evidence for chronic lateral ankle instability treatments. Early functional rehabilitation after surgery is better than immobilization for returning to work and sports.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Chronic lateral ankle instability affects 10-20% of individuals post-acute ankle sprain.
  • Conservative treatment is the initial approach, with surgery considered if conservative methods fail and ligament laxity persists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare various conservative and surgical treatments for chronic lateral ankle instability.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) up to 2006.
  • Included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Assessed methodological quality and extracted data; pooled results where appropriate.

Main Results:

  • Seven trials were included, categorized into surgical, post-surgical rehabilitation, and conservative interventions.
  • Most studies had high risk of bias; limited data pooling was possible.
  • Early functional rehabilitation post-surgery showed faster return to work/sports compared to immobilization. Conservative interventions showed varied results based on technique.

Conclusions:

  • The low methodological quality of studies limits definitive conclusions on specific interventions for chronic ankle instability.
  • Early functional rehabilitation post-surgical reconstruction is superior to immobilization for return to activity timelines.