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Function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer.

Hitoshi Katai1

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. hkatai@ncc.go.jp

International Journal of Clinical Oncology
|October 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Early gastric cancer (EGC) treatment in Japan now emphasizes function-preserving surgery. This approach aims to maintain high radicality while improving patient quality of life by preventing post-gastrectomy syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Surgical Oncology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Early gastric cancer (EGC) survival rates exceed 90% in Japan, with nearly 50% of gastric cancers being EGC.
  • Traditional D2 lymphadenectomy with extensive gastric resection is standard but causes inevitable post-gastrectomy syndrome.
  • Mucosal cancers have a low metastasis rate (≤3%), allowing for less invasive treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the shift towards function-preserving operations for early gastric cancer (EGC).
  • To highlight the benefits of these surgeries in maintaining quality of life and preventing post-gastrectomy syndrome.
  • To discuss the standardization and types of function-preserving surgeries in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines and surgical practices.
  • Analysis of the evolution from radical surgery to function-preserving operations for EGC.
  • Identification of various function-preserving surgical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Function-preserving operations are increasingly adopted for EGC in Japan.
  • These surgeries aim to reduce the extent of gastrectomy, preserve nerves and sphincters, and reconstruct the stomach.
  • The goal is to maintain oncological radicality while significantly improving post-operative quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • The trend in Japan is towards function-preserving surgery for EGC, balancing radical treatment with patient well-being.
  • Standardized guidelines facilitate the widespread adoption of these advanced surgical techniques.
  • Further development of standardized methods for evaluating preserved gastrointestinal function and patient quality of life is needed.

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