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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Anne H Skelly1

  • 1School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. askelly@email.unc.edu

The Nursing Clinics of North America
|October 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder affecting insulin secretion or action, disproportionately impacting minority populations. This overview covers T2DM classification, diagnosis, risk factors, complications, and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents the majority of diagnosed diabetes cases.
  • T2DM disproportionately affects minority populations, highlighting health disparities.
  • It stems from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To detail the classification, diagnosis, and risk factors for T2DM.
  • To outline the pathophysiology, complications, and treatment of T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on T2DM.
  • Description of diagnostic criteria and screening guidelines.
  • Explanation of metabolic syndrome and its relation to T2DM.

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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

Main Results:

  • T2DM is a heterogeneous metabolic disease with diverse etiologies.
  • Key risk factors and screening criteria are identified.
  • Acute and chronic complications, alongside treatment modalities, are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding T2DM classification and pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
  • Early diagnosis and risk factor identification improve patient outcomes.
  • Comprehensive treatment strategies are essential for managing T2DM and its complications.