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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
Paraneoplastic production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a bladder carcinoma
Haris Turalic1, Frank D Deamant, Jeffrey H Reese
1Department of Medicine, Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
|October 25, 2006
Abstract:
We report the case of a 51-year-old female with poorly differentiated bladder carcinoma who presented with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was noted to be twice the normal level. Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in bladder carcinoma is rare, is often associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, and appears to represent a particularly aggressive form of the disease.
