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Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison Study: preliminary analysis of data from Western Australia
V Burke1, K Jamrozik, L J Beilin
1University Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia.
Insights
Elevated blood pressure is linked to urine sodium, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. These factors, along with diet, may predispose individuals to hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Human Physiology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Blood pressure regulation is complex, influenced by various physiological and lifestyle factors.
- Understanding the relationship between urinary metabolites and blood pressure is crucial for public health.
- Previous studies suggest links between diet, obesity, and hypertension.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlations between urinary metabolites, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, and blood pressure.
- To identify key predictors of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 97 participants (49 men, 48 women) in the CARDIAC Study.
- Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to assess relationships between urinary analytes, BMI, alcohol, and blood pressure.
- Single 24-hour urine samples were analyzed.
Main Results:
- SBP and DBP positively correlated with urine sodium, creatine, taurine, histidine, and 3-methyl histidine (p<0.01).
- SBP was related to BMI (p<0.01). Urine sodium explained 11.9% of SBP variance; alcohol and urine sodium explained 19.9% when included.
- In men, DBP related to BMI and 3-methylhistidine/creatine ratio (23.7% variance). In women, urine sodium explained 58.4% of DBP variance.
Conclusions:
- Urine sodium is a significant predictor of blood pressure, particularly in women.
- Obesity, alcohol consumption, and potentially a meat-rich diet are associated with elevated blood pressure.
- Further research with larger sample sizes and multiple urine collections is warranted.
Abstract:
Data from 49 men and 48 women included in the Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study in Perth, Western Australia, were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were positively correlated (p less than 0.01) with urine sodium, creatine, taurine, histidine, and 3-methyl histidine but not with calcium, magnesium, or potassium. SBP was related (p less than 0.01) with body mass index (BMI). Urine nitrogen, creatinine, and amino acids correlated (p less than 0.001) with each other and with urine sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Urine magnesium correlated (p less than 0.001) with urine calcium and potassium; urine calcium was not related significantly to urine sodium or potassium. In backwards multiple regression with data from urine collections, SBP was significantly related only to urine sodium (11.9% of variance explained). If alcohol was included as an independent variable, reducing the number of valid cases because of missing values, both alcohol and urine sodium were significant in regression (19.9% of variance explained). In men, DBP was significantly related to BMI and the ratio of 3-methylhistidine to creatine (23.7% of variance explained). For DBP in women, urine sodium was the only variable needed in regression (58.4% of variance explained). Interpretation must be cautious, because these analyses are based on relatively few cases and on single 24-h urine samples. The data are in keeping with suggestions that obesity, alcohol consumption, a meat diet, and sodium intake are important factors predisposing to elevation of blood pressure.