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Related Experiment Videos

Anisotropic mechanosensing by mesenchymal stem cells.

Kyle Kurpinski1, Julia Chu, Craig Hashi

  • 1Department of Bioengineering and Center for Tissue Engineering, UC Berkeley and UC San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Mechanical forces significantly impact mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation and proliferation. Cell orientation relative to strain is crucial for mechanotransduction in tissue engineering and cardiovascular research.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are vital for tissue engineering, particularly vascular grafts.
  • Understanding how vascular mechanical forces influence MSC genetic reprogramming is crucial but not well-established.
  • Vascular mechanical strain is anisotropic, primarily in the circumferential direction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate anisotropic mechanical sensing by MSCs.
  • To simulate vascular cell alignment and study its effect on MSCs.
  • To understand how mechanical strain regulates MSC genetic reprogramming and proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized soft lithography to create microgrooved elastomeric membranes for controlled MSC alignment.
  • Applied cyclic uniaxial strain (5% at 1 Hz for 2-4 days) to aligned MSCs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Performed DNA microarray analysis to assess global gene expression changes.

    • Main Results:

    • MSCs aligned parallel to the strain axis showed increased smooth muscle marker (calponin 1) expression and decreased cartilage markers.
    • Gene expression changes, including Jagged1 pathway down-regulation, and increased MSC proliferation were observed.
    • Aligning MSCs perpendicularly to strain diminished gene expression changes and did not affect proliferation.

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanical strain significantly influences MSC differentiation and proliferation.
    • The effects of mechanotransduction are dependent on cell orientation relative to the strain axis.
    • Anisotropic mechanical environments have critical implications for cardiovascular development, remodeling, and tissue engineering.