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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...
Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches
06:51

Multilevel Microdissection and Functional-Structural Profiling of Human Renal Arterial Branches

Published on: September 5, 2025

Bipolar supernumerary renal artery.

Abolhassan B Shakeri1, R Shane Tubbs, Mohammadali M Shoja

  • 1Department of Radiology and Angiography, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|October 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a rare bilateral accessory renal artery with unusual pre-hilar branching in a renal transplant donor. Understanding these renal artery variations is crucial for surgical success.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Renal artery variations are clinically significant, impacting urological, renal transplantation, and laparoscopic surgeries.
  • A thorough understanding of renal vasculature anatomy is essential for surgical planning and patient safety.

Observation:

  • A rare case of bilateral accessory renal arteries was identified in a healthy 30-year-old male renal transplant donor via digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
  • The right kidney exhibited a main hilar artery and a lower polar artery, both originating from the aorta.
  • The left kidney presented a unique accessory renal artery originating from the aorta, which divided pre-hilarly to supply both upper and lower renal poles.

Findings:

  • The left accessory renal artery's pre-hilar branching pattern replaced the typical upper/apical and lower segmental arteries.
  • The left main renal artery exhibited standard anterior and posterior segmental division.
  • The case presents a debate on classifying this as an accessory hilar artery or a unique bipolar supernumerary renal artery variant.

Implications:

  • This anatomical finding underscores the importance of detailed pre-operative imaging for renal artery variations.
  • Accurate identification of accessory renal arteries is vital to prevent intraoperative complications during renal surgeries.
  • The embryological basis and clinical significance of such unique renal arterial patterns warrant further investigation.