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Separate K+ and Cl- transport pathways are activated for regulatory volume decrease in jejunal villus cells.

R J MacLeod¹, J R Hamilton

¹Department of Pediatrics, McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.

The American Journal of Physiology

|March 1, 1991

Summary

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Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in jejunal enterocytes relies on potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ion transport. Inhibiting these pathways blocks RVD, highlighting their critical role in cell volume regulation.

Area of Science:

Cell Physiology
Gastrointestinal Biology
Ion Transport Mechanisms

Background:

Jejunal villus enterocytes exhibit regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in response to osmotic stress.
Understanding the ion transport mechanisms involved in RVD is crucial for comprehending intestinal fluid balance.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the specific ion transport pathways mediating RVD in guinea pig jejunal enterocytes.
To determine the rate-limiting steps and key ion conductances involved in this process.

Main Methods:

Isolation of jejunal villus enterocytes and examination using electronic cell sizing.
Assessment of RVD under varying ionic conditions (e.g., Na+-free, varying external [K+]).
Pharmacological inhibition of specific ion channels (K+, Cl-) and assessment of their impact on RVD.

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Main Results:

Enterocytes demonstrated rapid RVD following hypotonic swelling, shrinking by 50% within 5 minutes.
RVD magnitude and direction were dependent on external potassium concentration, indicating passive K+ loss.
Inhibition of K+ (via Ba2+, quinine, apamin) and Cl- (via 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, dipyridamole) conductance abolished RVD.
Gramicidin-mediated increase in K+ permeability accelerated RVD, suggesting K+ loss is rate-limiting.
Anion permeability, specifically involving DIDS-sensitive transporters, was rate-limiting for cell swelling under certain conditions.

Conclusions:

Regulatory volume decrease in jejunal enterocytes is critically dependent on the coordinated action of K+ and Cl- efflux pathways.
Passive K+ loss is a primary determinant of RVD rate, while anion permeability plays a role in volume regulation dynamics.
These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of intestinal cell volume control and potential implications for fluid transport.