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Neuropeptides and asthma.

P J Barnes1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

The American Review of Respiratory Disease
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Neuropeptides in airways, like vasoactive intestinal peptide, may influence asthma. Rapid breakdown or release of these substances could heighten airway responsiveness and inflammation, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neuropeptides are increasingly found in airways, influencing airway caliber, vasculature, and secretions.
  • These peptides play roles in both bronchodilation and inflammation, suggesting involvement in airway diseases.
  • Asthma is characterized by exaggerated airway responsiveness and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of airway neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of asthma.
  • To investigate how neuropeptide metabolism and release might contribute to asthma symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuropeptide identification and function in airways.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms linking neuropeptides to asthma pathology, including enzymatic breakdown and nerve release.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Consideration of neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine, substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

    • Main Results:

    • Vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine methionine act as potent bronchodilators.
    • Sensory nerve neuropeptides (substance P, neurokinin A, CGRP) possess inflammatory effects.
    • Altered neuropeptide breakdown or release in asthma could lead to exaggerated bronchial responsiveness and inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuropeptides are implicated in asthma pathogenesis through bronchodilation, inflammation, and modulation of airway responsiveness.
    • Enzymatic degradation of bronchodilator peptides or release of inflammatory peptides from sensory nerves may contribute to asthma.
    • These findings highlight potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuropeptide pathways in asthma management.