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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold
07:09

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold

Published on: October 26, 2018

Assembly of three-dimensional polymeric constructs containing cells/biomolecules using carbon dioxide.

Yong Yang1, Yubing Xie, Xihai Kang

  • 1Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 26, 2006
PubMed
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A new carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted bioassembly method enables the creation of complex 3D structures with living cells and biomolecules. This technique preserves cell viability and function, offering a versatile platform for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing methods for assembling polymeric constructs with cells and biomolecules in aqueous environments is challenging.
  • Existing techniques often compromise cell viability or biomolecule integrity.
  • A need exists for versatile, biologically compatible manufacturing platforms for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted bioassembly method.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and efficacy of this method in assembling polymeric constructs with cells and biomolecules.
  • To evaluate the preservation of cell morphology, proliferation, gene expression, and differentiation potential.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing low-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) for assembly in an aqueous environment.

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Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold
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  • Regulating CO2 pressure to control assembly at biologically permissive temperatures (37°C).
  • Assessing mammalian cell survival, morphology, proliferation, gene expression (Oct-4), and differentiation potential post-assembly.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful assembly of polymeric scaffolds with well-defined architecture in 3D.
    • Demonstrated survival and functional preservation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
    • Preservation of protein and DNA bioactivity during CO2-assisted assembly.

    Conclusions:

    • CO2-assisted bioassembly is a novel, versatile, and biologically compatible method for creating complex 3D constructs.
    • This technique offers a promising manufacturing platform for tissue engineering, cell-based biochips, cell therapy, and drug delivery.
    • The method effectively preserves cellular and biomolecular integrity, opening new avenues in regenerative medicine.