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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Improved technique to diagnose a patent foramen ovale during left ventricular assist device insertion
Rana E Majd1, Minoo N Kavarana, Michael Bouvette
1Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|October 26, 2006
Abstract:
Diagnosis of a patent foramen ovale prior to left ventricular assist device placement can be quite difficult, and if missed may result in a significant hypoxemia due to a right to left shunt. We describe a simple and precise way to increase the diagnostic accuracy of patent foramen ovale detection prior to initiating cardiopulmonary bypass for left ventricular assist device placement.

