[Diagnostic pathway in a case with severe degree of hypertension]

A 29- year-old male was admitted because of exertion dyspnea and intense headache. These symptoms were associated with severe hypertension, small multiple areas of cerebral ischemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged aPTT and renal failure. The diagnostic tests performed during hospitalization resulted in a diagnosis of Primary Antiphospholipids Syndrome. The renal biopsy sample suggested histopathological features of uncommon simultaneous occurrence of antiphospholipids nephropathy and a "collapsing variant" of segmental focal glomerulosclerosis. It is fundamental to be aware that this syndrome is very likely to occur, and therefore to perform antiphospholipids antibodies assessment, since only an anticoagulant therapy proves effective; nevertheless, in view of the pathological renal findings, other therapies such as steroids might be added.