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Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermentation Broth Using Hollow-Fiber Membranes
Published on: August 9, 2024
Medium-chain, even-numbered dicarboxylic acids as novel energy substrates: an update
Geltrude Mingrone1, Marco Castagneto
1Institute of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy. gmingrone@rm.unicatt.it
Abstract:
Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids are produced by higher plants and animals via fatty acid omega-oxidation or by beta-oxidation of longer-chain dicarboxylic acids. In plants, dicarboxylic acids are components of the natural protective polymers cutin and suberin; in animals, dicarboxylic acids are mainly oxidized in mitochondria, where they are transported through four different pathways. Their energy density is intermediate between glucose and fatty acids. Dicarboxylic acid administration does not require insulin or stimulate insulin secretion, and the beta-oxidation of dicarboxylic acids produces succinic acid, a gluconeogenic substrate. Therefore, dicarboxylic acids might be a suitable fuel substrate, particularly in clinical conditions in which marked insulin resistance and/or impairment of aerobic glycolysis occur.
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