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Predator avoidance behavior in the pea aphid: costs, frequency, and population consequences.

Erik H Nelson1

  • 1Center for Population Biology, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ehnelson@nature.berkeley.edu

Oecologia
|October 27, 2006
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Summary

Predators can suppress pea aphid populations by inducing avoidance behaviors that reduce reproduction. Frequent disturbances significantly impact aphid population growth, highlighting the cost of induced defenses.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Induced prey defenses can incur significant costs, potentially impacting prey survival and reproduction.
  • Predator-induced behavioral changes in prey can alter population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the impact of predator-induced avoidance behavior on pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) populations in alfalfa fields.
  • To quantify the duration of non-feeding activity post-disturbance, the effect of disturbance frequency on aphid reproduction, and predator disturbance frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified non-feeding activity duration after disturbance events.
  • Assessed the impact of frequent disturbances on aphid reproductive rates.
  • Determined the frequency of predator-induced disturbances experienced by aphids.

Main Results:

  • Predator-induced disturbances can substantially reduce pea aphid population growth.
  • High frequency of predator-induced disturbance combined with reduced reproduction significantly impacts aphid populations.
  • Even brief disturbances were found to reduce aphid reproduction.

Conclusions:

  • Predators can suppress prey populations by inducing costly defensive behaviors.
  • The effectiveness of predator-induced suppression is highest when disturbances are frequent and defenses have significant reproductive costs.