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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drug Classes and Categories01:25

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Over-the-counter access to emergency contraception.

Diane S Aschenbrenner1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA. dianea@son.jhmi.edu

The American Journal of Nursing
|October 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The Food and Drug Administration approved levonorgestrel (Plan B) for over-the-counter sales for individuals 18 and older. This article details its use, dosage, and nursing implications for patient counseling.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Levonorgestrel (Plan B) has undergone extensive debate regarding its accessibility.
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved over-the-counter sales for individuals aged 18 and older.
  • Plan B's dual status as both an over-the-counter and prescription medication presents a unique regulatory situation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of action for levonorgestrel (Plan B).
  • To outline the recommended dosage and administration guidelines for Plan B.
  • To inform healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, about counseling patients on Plan B use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing pharmacological data on levonorgestrel.
  • Analysis of FDA approval documentation and regulatory status.
  • Synthesis of clinical guidelines for patient counseling.

Main Results:

  • Levonorgestrel (Plan B) is now available OTC for adults 18+.
  • The drug's efficacy is linked to its hormonal action.
  • Specific counseling points for nurses have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • The approval of Plan B for OTC use represents a significant shift in accessibility.
  • Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients about appropriate use and expectations.
  • Understanding the drug's profile is essential for effective patient care and public health.