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Varicose Veins I: Introduction

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach

Published on: November 22, 2024

The relationship between varicoceles and obesity.

Liann N Handel¹, Rashmi Shetty, Mark Sigman

¹Division of Urology, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.

The Journal of Urology

|October 31, 2006

Summary

Higher body mass index is associated with a lower prevalence of varicoceles in infertile men. This study found that obesity significantly reduced the likelihood of varicocele detection. Further research may explore underlying physiological mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Andrology
Reproductive Medicine

Background:

Varicocele is a common cause of male infertility.
The relationship between body weight and varicocele prevalence requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and varicocele occurrence in infertile males.
To assess varicocele prevalence across different weight categories (normal, overweight, obese).

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 3,213 infertile males.
Physical examination for varicocele presence and grade.
Calculation of BMI and categorization using NIH criteria.

Main Results:

A total of 1,093 (34%) patients had varicoceles.
Mean BMI was higher in patients without varicoceles (28.5 kg/m²) compared to those with varicoceles (26.7 kg/m²).
Varicocele prevalence decreased significantly with increasing BMI: 43% in normal weight, 35% in overweight, and 22% in obese individuals (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Varicocele prevalence is inversely correlated with increasing body mass index.
Potential explanations include adipose tissue effects on venous compression or detection.
The findings suggest weight management may play a role in varicocele-related infertility.