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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Orthognathic surgery in cleft patients.

Josip Bill1, Peter Proff, Thomas Bayerlein

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Würzburg, Germany. praxis@drbill.de

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
|October 31, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Orthognathic surgery, including sagittal split ramus osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy, is a gold standard in cranio-maxillofacial surgery. Advances in condylar positioning devices enhance functional rehabilitation for various jaw deformities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cranio-maxillofacial surgery
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery has evolved significantly over five decades, becoming a cornerstone of cranio-maxillofacial procedures.
  • Key advancements include the sagittal split ramus osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy, establishing global standards for mandibular and maxillary correction.

Observation:

  • The introduction of condylar positioning devices by Luhr in the 1980s revolutionized the understanding of functional rehabilitation during orthognathic surgery.
  • Le Fort I osteotomy, despite early performance, gained acceptance later due to hemorrhage concerns, highlighting the importance of surgical safety.

Findings:

  • Modern orthognathic surgery utilizes compound condylar positioning devices to ensure precise jaw alignment during complex osteotomies.
  • These techniques are crucial for correcting micrognathia and pseudoprognathia, particularly in cleft patients requiring secondary reconstructive procedures.

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Implications:

  • The integration of advanced surgical techniques and orthodontic planning optimizes outcomes in orthognathic surgery.
  • Further research into technical prerequisites and patient-specific approaches will continue to refine functional and aesthetic rehabilitation.