[What should be done when laser iridotomy does not physically eliminate angle closure?]

Pupillary block is probably the underlying mechanism in most cases of angle closure. Laser iridotomy is the technique of choice for managing primary angle closure due to pupillary block. In some cases laser iridotomy does not physically eliminate appositional angle closure because mechanisms other than pupillary block are present. In other cases the mechanism of angle closure is not intermittent (appositional) but permanent (synechial). Iridoplasty is a simple and effective means of opening an appositionally closed angle. Lens extraction is often sufficient and advisable when cataract is present, followed if necessary by goniosynechialysis. Trabeculectomy can always be done later and more safely (30%). However, malignant glaucoma (ciliary block) may complicate trabeculectomy in cases with primary angle closure.