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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Introduction to NF-kappaB: players, pathways, perspectives.

¹Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. gilmore@bu.edu

|October 31, 2006

Summary

This review introduces nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways, detailing protein structures, regulation, and key research areas. It covers canonical and non-canonical pathways, essential for understanding cellular responses.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling
Immunology

Background:

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a critical transcription factor family involved in numerous cellular processes.
NF-kappaB signaling pathways are central to immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival.
Understanding NF-kappaB regulation is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an introductory overview of the NF-kappaB research landscape.
To summarize the discovery, current status, and future directions in NF-kappaB research.
To outline the structure, activity, and regulation of NF-kappaB family proteins.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on NF-kappaB.
Synthesis of information on NF-kappaB protein structures and functions.

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Description of canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling pathways.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of NF-kappaB protein family members.
Explanation of regulatory mechanisms involving inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) and IkappaB kinase (IKK).
Characterization of the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways.

Conclusions:

NF-kappaB signaling is a complex and highly regulated process.
The field of NF-kappaB research is dynamic with significant future potential.
This collection of reviews provides a comprehensive resource for understanding NF-kappaB.