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Related Concept Videos

Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
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Published on: December 7, 2021

A tuneable attractor underlies yeast respiratory dynamics.

Douglas B Murray1, David Lloyd

  • 1The Systems Biology Institute, 953 Shinanomachi Research Park, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shimjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-852, Japan. dougie@symbio.jst.go.jp

Bio Systems
|November 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Budding yeast exhibits spontaneous oscillations revealing a low-order chaotic component in cellular networks. Environmental stress, like low pH, reorganizes respiration and impacts cell division, demonstrating adaptive dynamics.

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Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: June 14, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cellular dynamics and systems biology
  • Eukaryotic cell physiology
  • Computational biology and chaos theory

Background:

  • Understanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae molecular function is advanced, yet reconstructing complex cellular processes and control systems remains challenging.
  • Spontaneous oscillatory dynamics in synchronized yeast cultures offer insights into integrative cell physiology.
  • Dissecting molecular components has limitations in explaining global system properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the global timing of the cellular network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using its inherent oscillatory dynamics.
  • To identify underlying dynamic principles governing cellular complexity and environmental coherence.
  • To investigate the system's response to environmental perturbations, specifically low pH.

Main Methods:

  • Non-invasive in vivo experiments utilizing spontaneous oscillatory dynamics in self-synchronized continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Analysis of global cellular network timing to detect chaotic components.
  • Observation of system responses to environmental stress, including low pH.

Main Results:

  • A low-order chaotic component was identified within the global timing of the yeast cellular network.
  • The system demonstrated robustness to various environmental perturbations.
  • Exposure to harsh conditions (low pH) induced dynamic re-organization of respiration, affecting cell division.

Conclusions:

  • The complex dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be represented by a tuneable attractor.
  • This attractor orchestrates cellular complexity and coherence in response to environmental cues.
  • Oscillatory dynamics provide a powerful tool for understanding integrative cell physiology and system-level responses.