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Celiac disease.

Luis Rodrigo1

  • 1Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, c/Celestino Villamil s. n . 33.006. Oviedo, Spain. lrodrigos@terra.es

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|November 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten. Diagnosis involves symptoms, antibodies, and biopsy, though limitations exist, and it

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten intake.
  • It is a systemic disease, not solely digestive, associated with HLA-II antigens (DQ2/DQ8).
  • Previously thought rare in childhood, CD is now recognized as frequent at all ages with potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of celiac disease.
  • To highlight the role of tissue transglutaminase-2 (tTG) in pathogenesis and diagnosis.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and associated conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on celiac disease.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria including serology (tTG auto-antibodies) and duodenal biopsy.

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  • Analysis of the association of CD with other diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Active CD presents with intestinal/extra-intestinal symptoms, villous atrophy, and positive tTG auto-antibodies.
    • Duodenal biopsy, the gold standard, has interpretation limitations and potential for false negatives.
    • CD is linked to increased risks of anemia, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, neurological/endocrine disorders, cancers, and other autoimmune diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • A strict, lifelong gluten-free diet is the primary treatment for CD, leading to remission in most.
    • The long-term effects of a gluten-free diet on associated extra-intestinal manifestations require further investigation.
    • Understanding CD's systemic nature and diagnostic nuances is crucial for patient management.