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Selection of procedures in mental subtraction.

Jo-Anne LeFevre1, Diana DeStefano, Marcie Penner-Wilger

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ottawa, Ontario. jo-anne_lefevre@carleton.ca

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
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Adults use diverse strategies for simple subtraction, influencing performance on complex math problems. Analyzing solution times with ex-Gaussian distributions reveals patterns in procedure selection related to problem difficulty and individual arithmetic skill.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Mathematical Cognition
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Adults employ varied cognitive procedures for solving arithmetic problems.
  • Understanding these procedures is key to explaining mathematical performance variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variety of procedures adults use for simple subtraction.
  • To explore how these procedures relate to stimulus characteristics and individual differences.
  • To assess the utility of ex-Gaussian distribution analysis in understanding procedural selection.

Main Methods:

  • 32 adult participants solved simple subtraction problems.
  • Immediate self-reports of solution processes were collected from half the participants.
  • Performance was analyzed using descriptive statistics and ex-Gaussian distribution fitting (mu and tau) on response latencies.

Main Results:

  • Ex-Gaussian analysis effectively identified patterns in procedure selection.
  • Procedure selection was linked to both problem characteristics (e.g., size) and participant characteristics (e.g., skill).
  • Observed choices in simple subtraction predicted performance on more complex calculation tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Adults exhibit flexible strategy use in arithmetic, not relying on a single method.
  • Ex-Gaussian distribution analysis offers valuable insights into cognitive process selection.
  • Procedural flexibility in simple tasks has implications for understanding broader mathematical abilities.