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Published on: February 12, 2015
The effects of nicotine on the metabolic and hormonal responses during acute cold exposure
Christopher C Cheatham1, Natalie Caine-Bish, Mark Blegen
1Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA. chris.cheatham@wmich.edu
Objective:
To examine the effects of nicotine on the metabolic and hormonal responses during acute cold exposure.
Methods:
Participants in this study included 6 men and 5 women between the ages of 19 and 25 years. Each subject performed 2 cold-air trials (CATs) consisting of a 30-minute baseline (BASE) period and a 120-minute exposure to 10 degree C air. One CAT was performed after a nicotine (NIC) dosing using a 21-mg transdermal patch, whereas the other CAT was performed after a placebo (PL) treatment. Blood samples for metabolic and hormonal measurements were obtained at the end of BASE and immediately after the cold exposure.
Results:
When examining the sexes separately, there was no difference in norepinephrine between PL and NIC (P = .066). There was also no difference in epinephrine between PL and NIC in either sex (P = .634). From BASE to 120 minutes of the CAT, there was a significant decrease in cortisol (P = .036), but this response was similar between the 2 treatments (P = .077). Glucose and glycerol concentrations were not different between the PL and NIC treatments. At BASE, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was lower during PL compared with NIC (P = .021); however, at 120 minutes of the CAT, NEFA was greater during PL compared with NIC (P = .035).
Conclusions:
During 120 minutes of cold exposure, NIC resulted in alterations in the responses in NEFA, whereas the other blood measurements were not significantly different between the 2 groups.
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