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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
Published on: September 14, 2014
[Two faces of cytochrome c]
1Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Marcelego Nenckiego, Warszawa. l.wojtczak@nencki.gov.pl
Abstract:
This is an outline of the history of research on cytochrome c. Cytochromes were first discovered by Charles A. MacMunn (1886) and re-discovered by David Keilin (1925) who also identified their function in cell respiration. The role of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial electron transport chain has been well established, thus pointing to a vital role of this haemoprotein in cell function. Yet, towards the end of the last century, a novel role of cytochrome c, namely as a signal molecule for the programmed cell death (apoptosis), has been described. Differences in aminoacid composition of cytochrome c have also been used as markers of biochemical evolution. The article ends with a short biographic note on David Keilin.
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