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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Inefficient human immunodeficiency virus replication in mobile lymphocytes.

Marion Sourisseau1, Nathalie Sol-Foulon, Françoise Porrot

  • 1Groupe Virus et Immunité, URA CNRS 1930, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

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|November 3, 2006
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Summary

Gentle shaking dramatically reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by impairing cell-to-cell spread. This suggests cell-to-cell transfer is the primary mode of HIV propagation in lymphoid organs.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphotropic retroviruses like HIV and HTLV spread via cell-to-cell transfer, forming virological synapses.
  • While HIV cell-to-cell transmission is known, its mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cell contacts in HIV transmission.
  • To develop a method for quantifying cell-to-cell versus free virus transmission.
  • To assess the impact of altering cell contact on HIV replication.

Main Methods:

  • Cultures of lymphoid cell lines and primary lymphocytes were subjected to continuous gentle shaking.
  • An assay was developed using labeled target cells to measure HIV Gag expression via flow cytometry.
  • Relative contributions of free and cell-associated virions to HIV propagation were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Gentle shaking significantly reduced viral replication in both cell lines and primary lymphocytes.
  • Cellular contacts were found to greatly enhance productive viral transfer compared to free virus infection.
  • Virus release from donor cells was not affected by shaking, but transfer to recipient cells was impaired.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-to-cell transfer is the predominant mode of HIV spread.
  • Disrupting cell contacts severely impairs HIV transmission, explaining efficient replication in lymphoid organs.