Vitamin D deficiency: implications in the rehabilitation setting

Area of Science:

• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Vitamin D deficiency is underrecognized in rehabilitation literature, despite its potential to cause musculoskeletal pain.
• High-risk populations include the elderly, those with pigmented skin, sun-avoidant individuals, and those with malabsorption issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal pain within the rehabilitation context.
• To highlight the importance of considering vitamin D deficiency in differential diagnoses for pain.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Ovid, and MDConsult.
• Search terms included 'pain,' 'chronic pain,' 'musculoskeletal pain,' 'vitamin D deficiency,' and 'osteomalacia.'
• 51 relevant articles focusing on vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal manifestations were selected.

Main Results:

• A direct correlation exists between vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal pain.
• Current dietary recommendations may be insufficient to counteract low sun exposure.
• Treatment of vitamin D deficiency led to improved muscle strength and reduced pain within six months.

Conclusions:

• Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain in rehabilitation settings.
• Treating identified vitamin D deficiencies may be a crucial part of rehabilitation treatment plans.