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Dysphagia due to tuberculosis.

Sridhar Rathinam1, Manickavasagam Kanagavel, Bangalore Sundaravadanan Tiruvadanan

  • 1Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|November 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Tuberculosis can cause dysphagia, a rare but treatable swallowing difficulty. Anti-tuberculosis treatment effectively resolves symptoms, with surgery reserved for complications.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Infectious diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) due to tuberculosis is uncommon, even in high-prevalence areas.
  • Recent increases in tuberculosis-related dysphagia are linked to AIDS and immigration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tuberculosis as a cause of dysphagia.
  • To assess the effectiveness of anti-tubercular treatment and surgical interventions for these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 14 dysphagia cases caused by tuberculosis (1996-2003).
  • Diagnostic procedures included oesophagogastroscopy, barium swallow, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and CT scans.
  • Pathological examination confirmed tuberculous involvement in all cases.

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Main Results:

  • Symptoms ranged from 3 to 18 months.
  • Causes included enlarged subcarinal nodes (7), tracheo-oesophageal fistula (4), oesophageal ulcers (2), and cervical node suppuration (1).
  • All patients received anti-tubercular therapy; 7 required surgery for complications. No mortalities occurred, and all patients achieved complete dysphagia relief.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis should be considered in dysphagia cases, especially in high-incidence regions and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Anti-tubercular therapy is highly effective.
  • Surgery is indicated only for managing complications arising from tuberculosis.