Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
08:30

Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Published on: December 12, 2025

Mumps orchitis

M Masarani1, H Wazait, M Dinneen

  • 1Department of Urology, Imperial College of London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK. mmasaarane@yahoo.co.uk

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
|November 4, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Mumps orchitis cases are rising in the UK despite vaccination programs. This resurgence highlights concerns for male infertility and the importance of continued immunization against mumps.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mumps orchitis incidence decreased post-vaccination.
  • Recent sharp increase in mumps and mumps orchitis cases observed in the UK.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address concerns regarding mumps outbreaks.
  • To highlight the risk of infertility associated with mumps orchitis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reported mumps and mumps orchitis cases.
  • Review of vaccination program impact.

Main Results:

  • Significant recent rise in mumps and mumps orchitis cases in the UK.
  • Mumps orchitis remains a clinically significant condition.

Conclusions:

  • Immunization is the most effective strategy to prevent mumps.
  • Continued vigilance and vaccination are crucial to control mumps outbreaks and prevent associated infertility.

Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...