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Predictive factors for masked hypertension within a population of controlled hypertensives
Jean-Michel Mallion1, Pierre Clerson, Guillaume Bobrie
1Service de Cardiologie et hypertension artérielle, CHU, Grenoble, Roubaix, HEGP, Paris, France. jmmallion@chu-grenoble.fr
Insights
Masked hypertension (MH), common in older adults, is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) can detect MH in patients with controlled office blood pressure, especially those with elevated office systolic BP.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hypertension Research
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Masked hypertension (MH) affects up to 40% of patients and is associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis.
- Home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) is crucial for detecting MH, yet it is not routinely performed.
- The SHEAF study highlighted the prognostic significance of MH detected via HBPM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the clinical profile of masked hypertensives among treated hypertensive individuals with controlled office blood pressure (BP).
- To identify factors associated with a higher prevalence of MH in this population.
- To establish criteria for systematic HBPM to improve MH detection.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 1150 treated hypertensive patients over 60 with controlled office BP (SBP < 140 mmHg, DBP < 90 mmHg) underwent both clinic and home BP measurements.
- Risk factors for MH were analyzed using statistical methods, including decision trees.
- Home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) was performed by patients themselves.
Main Results:
- 40% of patients (463/1150) were diagnosed with masked hypertension (MH) based on home BP readings (SBP ≥ 135 mmHg or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg).
- Office systolic blood pressure (SBP), male gender, and older age were significantly associated with MH.
- Decision tree analysis identified an office SBP threshold of 130 mmHg as efficient for proposing HBPM, with male gender and age over 70 being key factors in males.
Conclusions:
- Selecting patients with office SBP between 130-140 mmHg for home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) is a logical strategy to detect masked hypertension (MH).
- This targeted approach can improve the efficiency of MH screening in clinical practice.
- Early detection of MH through HBPM can aid in risk stratification and management of hypertensive patients.
Context:
Prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) is far from negligible reaching 40% in some studies. The SHEAF study (Self measurement of blood pressure at Home in the Elderly: Assessment and Follow-Up) and others clearly showed that masked hypertension (MH) as detected by home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) is associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis.
Objective:
Systematic HBPM to detect MH is not yet routine. The aim of this work is to better define the clinical profile of masked hypertensives within a population with controlled office blood pressure (BP) and the factors associated with a higher prevalence of MH.
Materials And Methods:
BP was measured at the clinic by the doctor and at home by the patient himself. Risk factors for MH were analysed in a cohort of 1150 treated hypertensive patients over the age of 60 (mean age 70 +/- 6.5, 48.9% men) with controlled office BP. (SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg).
Results:
463 patients (40%) were masked hypertensives (SBP > or = 135 mmHg or DBP > or = 85 mmHg at home). Three parameters were associated with MH (odds ratio OR): office SBP (OR = 1.110), male gender (OR = 2.214) and age (OR = 1.031). Decision trees showed a 130 mmHg SBP was an efficient threshold to propose HBPM with a higher probability to detect MH. Subsequent variables were male gender and age over 70 in males.
Conclusion:
To detect masked hypertension, it would be logical to first of all select patients whose office SBP is between 130 and 140 mmHg.
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