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Related Concept Videos

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission
07:16

Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

Published on: August 16, 2018

GABAA receptor associated proteins: a key factor regulating GABAA receptor function.

Zi-Wei Chen1, Richard W Olsen

  • 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095- 1735, USA.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|November 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-associated proteins interact with GABA(A) receptor intracellular loops. These interactions are crucial for regulating neurotransmitter receptor activity and function.

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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission
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Methods for the Discovery of Novel Compounds Modulating a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type A Neurotransmission

Published on: August 16, 2018

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
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Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • GABA(A) receptors are key drug targets for sedatives, anesthetics, and anxiolytics.
  • The intracellular M3-M4 loop of GABA(A) receptors is vital for regulating receptor function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on proteins associated with the intracellular loops of GABA(A) receptors.
  • To understand how these associated proteins modulate GABA(A) receptor activity.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast two-hybrid assays were employed to identify interacting proteins.
  • Literature review of studies investigating GABA(A) receptor intracellular loop-associated proteins.

Main Results:

  • Several proteins, including GABARAP, GODZ, PRIP-1, PRIP-2, Plic-1, radixin, HAP1, GRIF-1, and BIG2, interact with GABA(A) receptor subunits.
  • These proteins influence GABA(A) receptor trafficking, surface stability, and modifications.

Conclusions:

  • GABA(A) receptor intracellular loop-associated proteins play significant roles in regulating receptor function.
  • Further study of these interactions is essential for understanding GABAergic neurotransmission and drug action.