Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

06:48
The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
Published on: January 19, 2019
Homing behavior: decisions, dominance and democracy
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. gould@Princeton.edu
Current Biology : CB
|November 7, 2006
Summary
Pigeons flying in pairs often choose a shared route, even with different individual preferences. This collaborative navigation allows them to reach their destination faster than flying solo.
Area of Science:
- Animal behavior
- Avian navigation
- Collective decision-making
Background:
- Pigeons exhibit complex navigational abilities.
- Individual pigeons have established preferred routes for homing.
Discussion:
- Pairs of pigeons with differing route preferences successfully negotiate a common path.
- This joint route selection leads to enhanced navigational efficiency.
Key Insights:
- Pigeon pairs demonstrate emergent collective intelligence in navigation.
- Cooperative route planning optimizes travel time in homing pigeons.
Outlook:
- Further research into avian social cognition and navigation.
- Potential applications in understanding collective behavior in other species.
Related Concept Videos
What is Behavior?
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
Decision Making
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Inclusive Fitness
Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
Mate Choice
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
Decision Making: Traditional Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Altruism
Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.

