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Membrane composition changes and physiological adaptation by Streptococcus mutans signal recognition particle pathway

Adnan Hasona1, Kheir Zuobi-Hasona, Paula J Crowley

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. ahasona@dental.ufl.edu

Journal of Bacteriology
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PubMed
Summary

Disrupting the signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway in Streptococcus mutans impairs acid tolerance and biofilm formation by altering protein levels and gene expression. This impacts essential functions like ATP production and quorum sensing.

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Published on: September 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • The signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway is crucial for protein targeting and cellular homeostasis in bacteria.
  • Previous studies indicated that Streptococcus mutans with inactivated SRP genes exhibit impaired physiological function and increased sensitivity to environmental stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological and molecular adaptations of Streptococcus mutans upon disruption of the SRP pathway.
  • To identify potential SRP substrates and understand the mechanisms behind acid sensitivity and altered gene expression in SRP mutants.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of membrane fractions from wild-type and SRP mutant strains of S. mutans.
  • Microarray analysis to study global gene expression changes in a Deltaffh mutant.
  • Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to validate microarray data.

Main Results:

  • SRP mutants showed altered protein profiles, with increased chaperones and proteases, but decreased levels of proteins involved in transcription, translation, metabolism, and ATP production.
  • Microarray analysis revealed significant up-regulation of genes related to stress response and cell envelope biosynthesis, and down-regulation of genes involved in competence and biosynthesis.
  • SRP mutants exhibited decreased biofilm formation and impaired LuxS-dependent quorum sensing.

Conclusions:

  • Disruption of the SRP pathway in S. mutans leads to significant physiological changes, including impaired acid tolerance potentially due to diminished ATPase activity.
  • Altered gene expression and protein profiles in SRP mutants contribute to defects in competence, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation.
  • The SRP pathway plays a vital role in maintaining S. mutans homeostasis and virulence-associated behaviors.